Worldwide demographic changes and their implications for governments, corporations, and individuals have been in the focus of public interest for quite some time due to the fiscal risk related to adequate retirement benefits. Through a more detailed analysis of mortality data an additional type...

This article shows that a corporate manager compensated in stock options makes corporate decisions to maximize stock option value. Overinvestment is a consequence if risk increases with investment. Facing the choice of hedging corporate risk with forward contracts on a stock market index fund...

This article examines the main characteristics of longevity bonds (LBs) and shows that they can take a large variety of forms which can vary enormously in their sensitivities to longevity shocks. We examine different ways of financially engineering LBs and consider problems arising from the...

The coexistence of mutual and stock organizational form in insurance has been the topic of extensive study. This article provides a review of theoretical and empirical literature from three perspectives: agency problems in each form, efficiency, and the causes of conversion between the two...

This article models a board of directors consisting of either pure directors or shareholder directors. Pure directors only receive a fee for their service to the board, while shareholder directors receive corporate equity in addition to the fee. The analysis shows that: (1)...

This Special Issue of the North American Actuarial Journal contains ten contributions to the academic literature all dealing with longevity risk and capital markets. Draft versions of the papers were presented at Longevity Five: the Fifth International Longevity Risk and Capital Markets...