This Element offers a review and synthesis of the theoretical analysis of mixed oligopoly, that is a hybrid market structure in which public (state-owned) and private firms interact, using a variety of strategic variables. A distinguishing feature of a mixed oligopoly is that firms have...

While the financial crisis of 2008-2009 led to the great collapse of international trade, the European debt crisis in 2010-2013 did not have such a drastic impact on trade. The collapse has been studied a lot in recent empirical literature, but the European debt crisis has not been investigated...

Mankiw, Romer and Weil [1992] found that, by adding a measure of school enrolment to capital and labour, a cross-country regression displays income convergence. However, their assumption that this derives from an augmented Solow model requires implausible differences in educational productivity...

Mankiw, Romer and Weil [1992] found that, by adding a measure of school enrolment to capital and labour, a cross-country regression displays income convergence. However, their assumption that this derives from an augmented Solow model requires implausible differences in educational productivity...

This paper provides a framework with which to model one of the key links between universities andindustry – the undertaking of applied research. We assume that the fundamental objective of universities isto undertake fundamental research and that they receive public funding to do so....

We introduce pollution, as a by-product of production, into a non-tournament model of R&Dwith spillovers. Technology policy takes the form of either R&D subsidisation or pre-competitiveR&D cooperation. We show that, when the emissions tax is exogenous, the optimal R&Dsubsidy can be negative,...