In this study, we analyze what kind of effect public investment has on private sector investment by employing unit root and cointegration tests, which allow a structural break between 1970-2009. The results, we obtained, show that the public investment has crowding in effect on private sector...

This study investigates the stationarity and linearity properties of unemployment rates in 17 OECD countries. We use a new unit root test developed by Kapetanios, Shin and Snell (2003) (KSS) which tests the joint null hypothesis of linearity and a unit root against a nonlinear stationary...

This study considers the issue of income convergence among the MENA (Middle East and North African) countries by using real per capita incomes over the period 1950–2006. We employed (Kapetanios et al. 2003) [21] unit root test by incorporating an additive constant and a trend component as...

In this study, we employ a recently introduced unit root test with a Fourier function that is capable of capturing the unknown nature of structural breaks, to reexamine the stationarity properties of energy consumption per capita of 109 countries over the period 1960–2011. The results of the...

This paper explores the impact of uncertainties and risks on the returns of cryptocurrencies by considering the two dimensions of uncertainty sourcing from economic policy uncertainty and geopolitical risk. Therefore, we analyze whether there is a causality from the global economic policy...