At the forefront of interoperability using XML in an Internet environment is the issue of semantic trans-lation; that is, the ability to properly interpret the elements, attributes, and values contained in an XML file. In many cases, specific domains have standardized the way data are...

Changing the nature of governance arrangements comprises one element in the public service reform programme. New governance forms include arm’s-length agencies, multi-organisational partnerships, hybrids and company structures. In theory, changed governance arrangements offer benefits in terms...

This paper discusses the findings of a study undertaken by a team from the University of Birmingham's Institute for Local Government Studies (INLOGOV), funded by the Economic and Social Research Council. The research explores the implications for democratic practice of collaborative working...

Changing the nature of governance arrangements comprises one element in the public service reform programme. New governance forms include arm's-length agencies, multi-organisational partnerships, hybrids and company structures. In theory, changed governance arrangements offer benefits in terms...

A firm’s ‘competitive advantage’ is considered to arise from certain ‘factors internal to the firm as postulated by the resource based view’ or from ‘external sources and industry structure.’ However, it remains unclear as to “how” these factors result in competitive advantage,...