I propose a language theory of labor market segmentation. People of different language origins form separate urban labor submarkets and can switch between submarkets. Two types of wage differentials emerge, namely the Within-Labor-Market Wage Gap and the Within-Language-Group Wage Gap. The...

We identify the difference in market characteristics between different regions as an important determinant of the entry mode choices of foreign banks. The greater the difference in borrower quality between the developed and underdeveloped regions is, the more likely that the foreign bank to...