economic activity, especially international trade. Yet nothing is known empirically about these effects in large samples. We … study the effects of war on bilateral trade for almost all countries with available data extending back to 1870. Using the … gravity model, we estimate the contemporaneous and lagged effects of wars on the trade of belligerent nations and neutrals …

In this paper it is argued that the domestic division of labor and trade is organized according to the same principle … as the international division of labor and trade – the Ricardian comparative advantages. After all, the ultimate source … trade, thus creating a Darwinist society of the survival of the fittest. The least productive individuals and those who face …

Observed trade flows provide one metric to gauge the degree of international goods market segmentation. Deviations from … 83 percent. Quantitative multi-country Ricardian models, a la Eaton and Kortum, use data on bilateral trade volumes to … estimate international trade barriers or trade costs. This paper investigates whether the degree of international goods market …

the effects of capital, labor, digitalization, financial development, natural resources, and trade openness. Utilizing a … roles of capital, labor, financial development, and trade openness in driving economic performance, while digitalization and …

What determines trade patterns? Habit persistence in consumer tastes and learning-by-doing in production imply that … similarity is a product of history, so that trade patterns are a function of bilateral GDP, current trade costs, and the past … history of trade costs. Using a trade data set which spans from 1870 to 2000, it is shown that many gravity variables operate …