The paper analyzes the units of full-time employment (ULA) as estimated by ISTAT National Accounts. The cyclical analysis can highlight the role that irregular employment (dependent and independent) play on the dynamics of the Italian economy, emphasizing the relationship of substitution between...

Return migration is the positive counterpart of brain drain. Human capital accumulation increases in a country if skilled agents go back home after a period spent working abroad. Effects of brain drain in Italy could be negative as highly skilled migrants decide not to come back to their native...

The paper analyzes permanent aspects of brain drain phenomenon referred to Italian highly skilled workers. The analysis regards a sample of post-doctoral graduates, medical specialists, and academic researchers. Results suggest that brain drain in Italy is not temporary, as demonstrated by...