A flood warning system based on rainfall thresholds makes it possible to issue alarms via an off-line approach. This technique is useful for mitigating the effects of flooding in small-to-medium-sized basins characterized by an extremely rapid response to rainfall. Rainfall threshold values...

The magnetoresistance of several Ferromagnet/Normal metal/Ferromagnet spin-valve type structures has been investigated using Al as normal spacer layer. A magnetoresistance ratio up to 4.1% at room temperature and 5.7% at 0.3 K is found for the sandwich with both Co layers, while slightly lower...