We analyze in this paper the growth and welfare consequences arising from the lack of auditing commitment in a credit market with costly state verification. Specifically, two endogenous growth models, of which one allows lenders to commit to costly auditing strategies to identify borrowers'...

We examine how low and high skilled internal emigration causally affect investments in human capital at origin. We provide theoretical and empirical evidence of a disincentive mechanism through which individuals refrain from education should low skilled emigration prove a viable alternative. Our...

This empirical research paper draws evidence from a database of UK independent private companies (n=250) and reports on the financial aspirations of owner-managers of family firms with respect to the flotation route. Following a brief review of the literature, the paper proceeds with an...

Family businesses and business families existed long before the genesis of historians and economists. In most economies, family business is estimated to represent over two–thirds of all enterprises and accounts for about half of the economic activity and private employment contributing to the...

We examine competition for foreign direct investment when governments compete in tax incentives along with intellectual property rights (IRPs) protection. Higher IPRs result in a lower probability of the multinational enterprise (MNE) being imitated and thus higher expected profits and tax...

China has made great efforts to alleviate poverty in rural ethnic minority areas and targeted achieving the poverty-alleviation task by the end of 2020. Aba, Ganzi, and Liangshan, three of the poorest ethnic prefectures in Sichuan Province, Southwest China, have all implemented "Internet+"...

Parameter identification of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is a good way of increasing their efficiency in the next designs. In this study, an optimized improved Elman neural network based on a new hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed for this purpose. The proposed algorithm...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore how market orientation is related to relationship building outcomes in the downstream distribution process. The authors examine the role of distributor satisfaction in mediating the association between market orientation in distribution and...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare organizational web site design attributes between US and Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Design/methodology/approach – The study uses 18 web site design variables identified by previous research. Findings – The results...