Employment relationships are embedded in a network of social norms that provide an implicit framework for desired behaviour, especially if contractual solutions are weak. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about major changes that have led to situations, such as the scope of short-time work or...

Klimaneutralität in Europa gegen Mitte des Jahrhunderts erfordert die Ablösung fossiler Energieträger durch die direkte oder indirekte Nutzung regenerativ erzeugten Stroms in den Sektoren Wärme und Mobilität sowie der Industrie. Die direkte Elektrifizierung und der indirekte Weg über...

Infolge des russischen Angriffskriegs auf die Ukraine kam es zu einem starken Anstieg der Energiepreise. Um die Folgen dieser Energiekrise für die Haushalte in Deutschland in der ganzen Breite zu erfassen, führt der Sachverständigenrat für Verbraucherfragen (SVRV) mit dem...

Die Corona-Pandemie und die Energiekrise haben in Europa und insbesondere in Deutschland deutliche Spuren hinterlassen. Die deutsche Wirtschaftsleistung liegt derzeit nahezu auf demselben Niveau wie zu Beginn der Corona-Pandemie vor knapp vier Jahren. Die im Jahresgutachten präsentierte Mittel-...

Most voting models in the literature neglect abstention, but is such a simplification justified? I investigate this question in a model with outside pressure on voters. For sequential voting (e.g., roll call votes), with and without an abstention option, there is a unique subgame perfect...

When including outside pressure on voters as individual costs, sequential voting (as in roll call votes) is theoretically preferable to simultaneous voting (as in recorded ballots). Under complete information, sequential voting has a unique subgame perfect equilibrium with a simple equilibrium...

In random voting, the committee chair, whose vote decides in the case of a draw, is more often decisive than ordinary voters. Therefore, in the power indices literature, the committee chair is said to be more powerful. Players with a veto right are even more powerful still. Similarly, the...

This paper assesses the possible development of government interest expenditures for Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Until 2021, governments could anticipate a substantial further reduction in interest expenditure. This outlook has changed drastically with the surge in inflation and government...