Recently, researchers have reformulated Item Response Theory (IRT) models into multilevel models to evaluate clustered … correspond directly with IRT models’ parameters is often referred to as multilevel measurement modeling. Unlike conventional IRT …).Limitations in terms of the minimum sample size and number of test items that permit reasonable one-parameter logistic (1-PL) IRT …

Item Response Theory (IRT) models are the basis of modern educational measurement. In order to increase testing … IRT assumption of local independence. However, a set of measurement models, testlet response theory (TRT), has been …

of a test is one of the most important tools in item response theory (IRT). Inaccuracy in the estimation of test … information can have substantial consequences on data analyses based on IRT. In this article, the major part (called the adjusted …