We first summarize the dominant interpretations of the "frontier" in the United States and predecessor colonies over the past 400 years: agricultural (1610s-1880s), industrial (1890s-1930s), scientific (1940s- 1980s), and algorithmic (1990s-present). We describe the difference between the...

We first summarize the dominant interpretations of the "frontier" in the United States and predecessor colonies over the past 400 years: agricultural (1610s-1880s), industrial (1890s-1930s), scientific (1940s- 1980s), and algorithmic (1990s-present). We describe the difference between the...

We first summarize the dominant interpretations of the "frontier" in the United States and predecessor colonies over the past 400 years: agricultural (1610s-1880s), industrial (1890s-1930s), scientific (1940s-1980s), and algorithmic (1990s-present). We describe the difference between the...

In 1945, Vannevar Bush, founder of Raytheon and one-time engineering dean at MIT, delivered a report to the president of the United States that argued for the importance of public support for science, and the importance of science for the future of the nation. The report, Science: The Endless...

Understanding the dynamics of nonemployer firms has been an unsolved puzzle because of a dearth of data. Nonemployer firms represent three-quarters of the businesses in the United States but only 3 percent of business receipts. While they represent a relatively small share of economic activity,...

This paper tests the hypothesis that overlapping and competing regional trade blocs undermine trade in Africa. Using the proposed merger of three trade blocs in the Eastern and Southern Africa region into a Free Trade Area and estimating gravity equations of bilateral trade flows, the hypothesis...

The future of Africa now depends largely on the nature and outlook of its economic vision and the realignment of national institutions to reflect major trends in global and regional economic affairs. Ongoing political reforms in Africa have coincided with the growing realisation that economic...