Although it is well known that Markov process theory, frequently applied in the literature on income convergence, imposes some very restrictive assumptions upon the data generating process, these assumptions have generally been taken for granted so far. The present paper proposes, resp. recalls...

This paper deals with the different territorial hierarchies established by the consumption of health services in Brazil. Flows are classified in two groups, one for general services (general hospitals, laboratory analysis and dental services), another for specialised, higher level attention...

Cities differ dramatically with respect to the extent in which their economic and other activities are diversified. Some cities are specialized, while other cities harbour a myriad of organizations, performing a huge variety of activities. An unanswered question is: Where does such...

Nowadays, goods sea transport involves a penetration of port hinterlands towards inland, which leads to the need for the confluence of the different means of transport in the neighbourhoods of ports and, therefore, new available areas. In the same way, what happened in New York on Septmeber 11th...

The range of up-to-date means to achieve success in business is rather extensive. The question is how to use them effectively taking into consideration conceptual changes in modern business strategies. Characteristics of development of the firm as a learning organization and crea-tion of...

This paper presents a methodology for neural spatial interaction modelling. Particular emphasis is laid on design, estimation and performance issues in both cases, unconstrained and singly constrained spatial interaction. Families of classical neural network models, but also less classical ones...

It has been argued, that economic integration casts serious doubts on the efficiency of welfare state policies and the ability to finance these. As integration proceeds, factors of production become more mobile and less vulnerable to local shocks, and integration at the same time results in a...