This paper employs a newly developed non-radial directional distance function to evaluate China's regional energy and CO2 emission performance for the period 1997–2009. Moreover, we analyze the impact of China's market-oriented reform on China's regional energy and carbon efficiency. The main...

This paper proposes the metafrontier non-radial Malmquist CO2 emission performance index (MNMCPI) for measuring dynamic changes in total-factor CO2 emission performance over time. The MNMCPI method allows for the incorporation of group heterogeneity and non-radial slack into the previously...

Improving energy efficiency and productivity is one of the most cost-effective ways for achieving the sustainable development target in China. This paper employs non-radial directional distance function approach to empirically investigate energy efficiency and energy productivity by including...

This paper proposes a meta-frontier non-radial directional distance function to model energy and CO2 emission performance in electricity generation. This approach allows for the consideration of the group heterogeneity of electricity generation, non-radial slacks, and undesirable outputs...

This paper proposes a non-radial Malmquist CO2 emission performance index (NMCPI) for measuring dynamic changes in total-factor CO2 emission performance over time. This index enables the consideration of non-radial slacks in the conventional Malmquist CO2 emission index (MCPI). The NMCPI is...