US presidents used military force 212 times from 1948 to 1998. In 45 of these cases, the force was embedded in a multilateral context. The article distinguishes between procedural multilateralism, where US military operations are endorsed by an international organization, and operational...

It is a puzzle that while academic research has increased in specialization, the important and complex problems facing humans urgently require a synthesis of understanding. This unique collaboration attempts to address such a problem by bringing together a host of prominent scholars from across...

This article aims to demonstrate that differences in the two major datasets can significantly affect the results of predictions of mass political killing. Mass political killing (such as Hitler's killing of some six million Jews, or the Rwanda genocide of 1994) has been studied for decades with...

The use of force is prohibited under the UN Charter. An exception is written in Article 51, which allows a state to conduct an act of self-defense. This study explains why only some states invoke it. The author claims that the baseline probability of claiming the right remains low because...

The United States of America (USA) uses multilateralism in diplomacy and in action to generate foreign public support for its use of force abroad. A typical multilateral diplomacy is done by obtaining the United Nations (UN) Security Council’s resolution (i.e. UN flag) to authorize a military...

Although the need for the U.S. to work with other democracies during a future crisis is ever increasing, we do not yet have a sufficient understanding of what citizens in U.S. allies think about security policies and possible military actions. We leveraged on an extremely rare opportunity in...

The export of arms belongs to the most contested issues in many democracies. In this article, we examine the economic repercussions of the easing of the arms exports restrictions that began in Japan after the end of the Cold War with support from the United States. We particularly examine the...

In a recently published article, Allen et al. (2020) argue that U.S. military deployments nurture favorable attitudes toward the U.S. among foreign citizens. Their claim is based on social contact and economic compensation theories, applied to a large-scale cross-national survey project funded...

This edited volume is an outcome of the first major collaborative project between Japanese economists and political scientists, funded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. The authors of the individual chapters show that Asian states play games of conflict and cooperation...