The liberalization of electricity markets has forced the energy producing companies to react to the new situation. The abolishment of monopolies and the launch of open markets have increased the need of calculating costs closer to the profit frontier to be still competitive, not only against the...

For centuries, Jews in Europe have specialized in financial services. At the same time, they have been the victims of historical antisemitism on the part of the Christian majority. We find that present-day financial development is lower in German counties where historical antisemitism was...

Using intraday transaction prices and a non-parametric jump test, we show that jumps in the S&P 500 and VIX are low-probability, high-impact events. Extant research investigating the causes of jumps primarily focuses on scheduled macro-announcements. However, we find that unscheduled news, which...