The low credit-deposit ratio of the scheduled commercial banks in Kerala has been a subject of intense debate during the last decade or so. Periodically, the state government would raise the issue, lash out at the `negative attitude' of the banks for the lack of development of the state, the...

Background: Banking is an important sector of Pakistan’s economy. It is general consideration that bank’s major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic growth. So the aim of this study is to investigate this consideration and also investigate that either growth led...

The aim of this paper is to assess – on both theoretical and empirical grounds – the two main views regarding the money creation process,namely the endogenous and exogenous money approaches. After analysing the main issues and the related empirical literature, we will apply a VAR and VECM...

This monthly monetary model for the euro area is gradually constructed from its two constituting components: a money demand and a loan demand model which both include the relation between the respective retail bank rates and the short-term market interest rate. Eventually, the encompassing...

In this paper we gradually construct a monthly encompassing monetary model on the basis of its two constituting components: a money demand and a loan demand model. Each of the three models pays special attention to the intermediation role of banks by modelling the relation between the retail...

The efficiency of a nation's banking industry is a critical factor in the quest to realize economic growth and prosperity for its citizens. This study identifies a host of macroeconomic factors which have been shown to have a strong causal link with the efficient operation of a given banking...

This monthly monetary model for the euro area is gradually constructed from its two constituting components: a money demand and a loan demand model which both include the relation between the respective retail bank rates and the short-term market interest rate. Eventually, the encompassing...

Background: Banking is an important sector of Pakistan's economy. It is general consideration that bank's major activities saving and lending have positive impact on economic growth. So the aim of this study is to investigate this consideration and also investigate that either growth led...

Post-Keynesian theory of money endogeneity emphasizes the importance of bank loans causing money supply changes. Thus, the proponents of endogenous money supply assert banks create money by meeting money demands of economic agents. Money is said to originate as bank-created loans from deposits,...