Nowadays, investors seek beyond the financial performance of their investments, including Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria in the decision-making process. To this effect, there are currently suppliers who offer different methodologies to evaluate the ESG factors that...

Since the early days of Dow Jones Averages indexing has raised complexity. The lack of standard theoretical framework for index building, and the heterogeneity of empirical studies regarding their statistical properties, make comparisons an issue. The scenario remains the same in...

Decision in forms of financing continues to be one of the most significant challenges for the survival and growth of SMEs. The current economic and financial crisis, which is considered by many economists as the severest one along history since 1930s, highlighted dramatically the importance of...

The tremendous impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the global aviation industry has led to many cases of airline financial distress and bankruptcy. The Asia-Pacific region (APAC) contains more than half of the world's population, and its airlines had the highest profit margin of any region. In...