and information costs. Specifically, we examine how distance, coordination mechanisms, and atmosphere influence the level … in two MNCs, we show that relationship atmosphere significantly reduces both types of organizing costs, whereas distance …

and information costs. Specifically, we examine how distance, coordination mechanisms, and atmosphere influence the level … in two MNCs, we show that relationship atmosphere significantly reduces both types of organizing costs, whereas distance …

to off-shoring of business services such as software program development and international call centre networks. Although … distance between business partners is still relevant even when information and communication technologies (ICT) provide …

Offshoring can reduce the production cost of an activity. At the same time, it can generate additional management costs … that distance plays an important role in the determination of the effort level. However, it is not simply a cultural or … geographical but a more complex notion labelled perceived distance. IT played an interesting role in the determination of effort …