Egypt, Morocco and Tunisia face challenges competing on the global markets, as shown by their relatively low and stagnant export shares. The limited export competitiveness has hampered external demand, growth and employment. Applying, for the first time to North Africa, the stock-flow approach...

The objective of this paper is to discussmacroeconomic policies that would helpAfrican countries, especially the lowincome countries (LICs), reach strong,sustained and shared growth in the postcrisisworld. The paper first reviews, witha special focus on LICs, macroeconomicpolicies in Africa...

Smallholder agriculture continues to play akey role in African agriculture. This paperinvestigates trends, challenges andopportunities of this sub-sector in EastAfrica through case studies of Kenya,Ethiopia, Uganda and Tanzania. In theseagriculture-based economies, smallholderfarming accounts...

Twenty years after the launch of market reforms, productive entrepreneurship and vibrant small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Ethiopia remain limited, the recent growth acceleration notwithstanding. This paper first develops a model of entrepreneurial start ups in an economy with...

Most developing countries that have embarked on structural adjustment have embraced export promotion strategies. In Zimbabwe's case, export promotion is coupled with attempts to increase flows of foreign capital. However, there is no universal agreement on the efficacy of such policies. The...

This paper examines how the on-the-job search of workers in the state sector who are seeking jobs in the private sector affects private sector employment, the unemployment level, and the unemployment duration in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe. The main finding is that...