goods, collateralized securities, and the possibility of default to argue that the reliance on collateral to secure loans …Much of the lending in modern economies is secured by some form of collateral: residential and commercial mortgages and … and the particular collateral requirements chosen by the social planner or by the market have a profound impact on prices …

default, use of re-hypothecation). Being unable to deliver good quality collateral can be seen as a negative sign for the … the current Investment Banking organization. We considered two pillars to shape our vision of collateral optimization:1 …. Collateral as a refinancing instrument. Collateral is shifting from a mere hedging instrument for counterparty risk to a …

often employ naïve assignment rules (mostly based only on the probability of default) that may lead to an inefficient …

as a firm)-collateral requirements are lower and default occurs. The experimental outcomes are in line with the theory …'s main predictions. The type of collateral, whether financial or not, matters. Default rates and loss from default are higher … when the risky asset is nonfinancial, stemming from laxer collateral requirements. Default rates and collateral …

novating trades implements efficient trading behaviour. It is optimal for the CCP to face default losses to achieve the … efficient level of trade. To cover these losses, the CCP optimally uses margin calls, and, as the default problem becomes more … severe, also requires default funds and then imposes position limits. …