Purpose: A supply chain consists of raw material suppliers, manufacturers and retailers where inventory of raw materials and finished goods are involved, respectively. Therefore, it is important to find optimal solutions, which are beneficial for both supplier, manufacturer and retailer....

Purpose: Equipment reliability significantly impacts productivity, and in order to obtain high equipment reliability and productivity, maintenance and production decision should be made simultaneously to keep manufacturing system healthy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the joint...

This research deals with a production-inventory problem consisting of three-stage tree-type single-producer multi-distributor and multi-retailer supply chain network where a model has been developed for achieving the lowest total cost for operating a supply chain system with allowable shortage....