barriers. The controversy is more prominent when a given MRL is stricter than the corresponding international standard … stringency in MRLs in plant and animal products, relative to Codex levels, for Canadian and U.S. trade performance. We find … little evidence that U.S. imports are influenced by domestic stringency or those imposed by its trading partners. However, U.S …

We propose aggregation indices of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) to quantify their protectionism relative to international … standards. We apply the indices to national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulations affecting agricultural and food trade and … purposes, and the other attempting to evaluate the protectionism of NTMs. The data used in the application come from a large …

We propose aggregation indices of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) to quantify their protectionism relative to international … standards. We apply the indices to national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulations affecting agricultural and food trade and … purposes, and the other attempting to evaluate the protectionism of NTMs. The data used in the application come from a large …

We propose aggregation indices of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) to quantify their protectionism relative to international … standards of stringency. We apply the indices to national Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) regulations on pesticides and veterinary … operational indices for econometric and modeling purposes, and the other attempting to evaluate the protectionism of NTMs. The …

) to quantify their protectionism relative to international standards. We apply the indices to national Maximum Residue … Limit (MRL) regulations affecting agricultural and food trade and using a science-based criteria embodied in Codex … various NTMs into meaningful indices, and the other attempting to evaluate the protectionism of NTMs. The data used in the …