The New York City Watershed Agricultural Program (NYCU7AJP) seeks to reduce the potential for phosphorus movement from farms to surface waters. Toward this objective, a "Phosphorus Index for Site Evaluation" P-Index) provides planners in the NYCWAP with a tool for identifying problems and...

Village leaders in the Chinese reform economy are assumed to maximize a multiple-attribute utility function; their behavior is modeled in a dynamic control framework. Using village data, structural and control equations for industrial output, grain yields, capital, non-farm employment and hybrid...

Pastoralists in East Africa's arid and semi-arid lands (ASAL) regularly confront climatic shocks triggering massive herd die-offs and loss of scarce wealth. On the surface, it appears puzzling that pastoralists do not make extensive use of livestock markets to offload animals when climatic...

In the 1992 United States presidential campaign, Bill Clinton and his staff regularly invoked the forceful reminder "It's the economy, stupid!" in order to maintain a tight focus on the core issue that would ultimately decide their electoral success or failure. This initially seemed reductionist...

1. This paper was commissioned by the Trade and Markets Division of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to address the relationship between food aid and commercial international food trade as background to an anticipated OECD study on the export competition aspects...

This paper presents a simple two-period, dual economy model in which migration options may affect the informal financing of educational investments. When credit contracts are universally available and perfectly enforceable, spatially varied returns to human capital have no effect on educational...

Changes in individual states' agricultural production diversity and variance of cash receipts were measured over the 30-year period 1960 through 1989. Diversity was measured using a general index, of which the inverse Herfindahl and the Entropy are special cases. Cash receipt variability was...

This study focuses on the possible role of microfinance institutions to mobilize savings among the low-income entrepreneurs who already use these organizations as sources of credit. The evidence is drawn from a pilot project carried out in 1997 and 1998 in Kenya and Uganda. Possible constraints...

The last thirty years in the analysis of inequality and poverty, especially in developing countries, has seen two phases-a phase of conceptual advancement, followed by a phase of application and policy debate. Both phases were exciting and useful in their own way, but the applied phase has...

What explains the spectacular increases in inequality of disposable income in transitional economies of Central and Eastern Europe? There are at least two possible explanations. First, the pre-tax distribution of income became more unequal because of the shift to a market economy. Second, the...