Based on a questionnaire survey of 30 banks and related financial institutions in Ha Noi, Ho Chi Minh City and Can Tho. Identifies the credit demand by micro and small enterprises versus the lending supply by banks and credit or donor institutions. Recommends provision of appropriate training...

The paper captures the findings of a study on employer views regarding the importance and feasibility of the implementation of circular migration policies. It is based on desk review and interviews with employers’ organisations, individual employers, public employment services and ministries...

South Africa’s transition to democracy in 1994 engendered expectations of rapid changes in racial and gender disparities in wages. Twenty years after the transition there are strong disagreements about whether there have been gains and how these have been distributed. In particular there are...

The paper indicates a number of preventive measures targeted to the elimination of the causes of stress, rather than the treatment of its effects, and how these measures can become an integral part of the necessary organizational development and eventually pay for themselves. The paper has seven...

In contrast to the stylized implications of the U-shaped hypothesis, there has been an increase in female labour force participation in Bangladesh, alongside the acceleration in economic growth since the 1990s. In this regard, Bangladesh has witnessed a substantial increase in female employment...

The study finds important differences in the factors that enable or constrain women from participating in the labour market. The econometric analysis confirms the importance of better education for female labour force participation. The critical stage in the education cycle for participation is...

This working paper is directed towards the prevention of stress in the offshore exploration and production industries. Many recommendations are given to reduce work stress, but it must be acknowledged that on any mobile drilling rig or fixed production platform there exists a great diversity of...