The differences in structure between neutral and charged polymer chains has been determined using small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Experiments were performed on both neutral and charged chains, both in bulk and under confinement. Single chain conformation was measured in all cases using...

Crude canola oil (CCO) contains about 100–300ppm of phospholipids, which have shown negative effects on biodiesel/buffer solution phase separation, resulting in low biodiesel production yield. Therefore, phospholipids should be removed before transesterification by a degumming process for...