We have found two inadvertent errors in our paper [1], and thus would like to make the following corrections to this paper. [...]

A starch-based ethanol facility producing 200,000 m³ ethanol/year also produces <i>ca.</i> 2 million m³ thin stillage, which can be used to improve the entire process. In this work, five food-grade filamentous fungi, including a <i>Zygomycete</i> and four <i>Ascomycetes</i> were successfully grown in thin stillage...

Nigeria is among the World’s 10 most important exporters of petroleum, but has several difficulties in its domestic energy situation. Power outages are frequent in the cities and 49% of the population has no access to electricity at all. The use of fossil fuels and firewood causes many...

A membrane bioreactor was developed to counteract the inhibition effect of furfural in ethanol production.<b> </b>Furfural, a major inhibitor in lignocellulosic hydrolyzates, is a highly toxic substance which is formed from pentose sugars released during the acidic degradation of lignocellulosic...

This review is a summary of different aspects of the design and operation of small-scale, household, biogas digesters. It covers different digester designs and materials used for construction, important operating parameters such as pH, temperature, substrate, and loading rate, applications of...

The effect of recirculation in increasing organic loading rate (OLR) and decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) in a semi-continuous two-stage anaerobic digestion system using stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) was evaluated. Two-parallel processes were in...

Entrapment of methane-producing microorganisms between semi-permeable synthetic membranes in a multi-layer membrane bioreactor (MMBR) was studied and compared to the digestion capacity of a free-cell digester, using a hydraulic retention time of one day and organic loading rates (OLR) of 3.08,...

In this study, biogas production from the organic fraction of the MSW (OMSW) was simulated in six different scenarios, using Aspen Plus® based on industrial data. The economic evaluations were made using the Aspen process economic analyzer, considering the plant size and the upgrading methods....

Biogas is nowadays getting more attention as a means for converting wastes and lignocelluloses to green fuels for cars and electricity production. The process of biogas production from N-methylmorpholine oxide (NMMO) pretreated forest residues used in a co-digestion process was economically...

Pretreatment with three green cellulose solvents, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][OAc]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][OAc]) were used for improvement of ethanol production. Spruce chips and powder were pretreated at 120°C for 1,...