argued that introducing independent invention as a defense (IID) to patent infringement can increase social welfare by …

Patent-assertion entities, sometimes known as `patent trolls,' do not manufacture goods themselves but profit from … patent troll affected the sales of medical imaging technology. It finds evidence that relative to similar products, made by … the same firm, but not covered by the patent, imaging software sales declined by one-third. This was not due to a …

Patent assertion entities, sometimes known as 'patent trolls,' do not manufacture goods themselves but profit from … such patent troll affected the sales of medical imaging technology. It finds evidence that relative to similar products …, made by the same firm, but not covered by the patent, imaging software sales declined by one-third. This was not due to a …

stronger bargaining parties. The experiment provides no robust evidence to support the presumption that economically efficient …