Permit trading among polluting parties is now firmly established as a policy tool in a range of environmental policy areas. The Kyoto Protocol accepts the principle that sequestration of carbon in the terrestrial biosphere can be used to offset emissions of carbon from fossil fuel combustion and...

Although the domestic resources of shale oil are large, there has been some question regarding the magnitude of the energy subsidy that must be committed in order to extract the contained oil. This study shows that for a 50,000-bbl-per-day, modified in situ extraction facility in 20-gal-per-ton...

We show in this study that a full fuel-cycle analysis of the greenhouse gas (CO2) implications of biomass energy systems has not only to take into account the inputs and outputs of energy (and associated carbon content) but must recognize that many biomas systems have by-products that are...

With rising concern about the increasing atmospheric concentration of CO2 and its potential impact on global climate, there have been suggestions that the CO2 emission rates be considered in selecting among fuel-producing technologies. Many previous comparisons have been inadequately drawn. We...

Although the United States has large resources of shale oil, several decades of development effort have yet to result in a viable industry. Because both the cost of the oil and the environmental impact of its production are not well known and seem to remain perennially at the margin of...

Our study focuses on uncertainty in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from anthropogenic sources, including land use and land-use change activities. We aim to understand the relevance of diagnostic (retrospective) and prognostic (prospective) uncertainty in an emissions-temperature setting that...