deterrence may actually reinforce deviant behavior. Only for some group of agents, once a given threshold of accumulated … penalties has been reached compliance may occur. Thus compliance is obtained only after some level of under-deterrence is … tolerated. We then provide some policy suggestions in order to improve general deterrence under a DPS for any given level of …

: subjects use costly fines as (altruistic) punishments. Leniency further increases deterrence, but stabilizes surviving cartels …: subjects appear to anticipate harsher times after defections as leniency reduces recidivism and lowers post-conviction prices …, deterrence is unaffected but prices grow. Differences between treatments in Stockholm and Rome suggest culture may affect optimal …

: subjects use costly fines as (altruistic) punishments. Leniency further increases deterrence, but stabilizes surviving cartels …: subjects appear to anticipate harsher times after defections as leniency reduces recidivism and lowers post-conviction prices …, deterrence is unaffected but prices grow. Differences between treatments in Stockholm and Rome suggest culture may affect optimal …

in Italy and provide non-parametric evidence on the extent of discounting from the raw data on recidivism and sentence … length. Using a discrete-choice model of recidivism, we estimate an average annual discount factor of 0.74, although there is … heterogeneity based on age, education, crime type, and nationality. Our estimates imply that the majority of deterrence is derived …

In this paper we test for the theory of deterrence. We exploit the natural experiment provided by the Collective … recommit a crime by 1.24 percent: this corroborates the general deterrence hypothesis. However, this effect depends on the time … the prison spell. This second result can be hardly reconciled with the specific deterrence hypothesis according to which a …

In this paper we test for the theory of deterrence. We exploit the natural experiment provided by the Collective … recommit a crime by 1.24 percent: this corroborates the general deterrence hypothesis. However, this effect depends on the time … the prison spell. This second result can be hardly reconciled with the specific deterrence hypothesis according to which a …

estimates of their ability, leading to reduced recidivism. …

in the future. Therefore, partial deterrence can be achieved at a very low cost through the use of escalating penalties …

in Italy and provide non-parametric evidence on the extent of discounting from the raw data on recidivism and sentence … length. Using a discrete-choice model of recidivism, we estimate an average annual discount factor of 0.74, although there is … heterogeneity based on age, education, crime type, and nationality. Our estimates imply that the majority of deterrence is derived …