This study empirically finds, using ECM, that the primary federal budget deficit shares a bi-directional relationship with the ex ante real interest rate yield on long term municipal bonds. That is, the primary budget deficit acts to raise the real municipal bond yield whereas that yield also...

The relationship between economic development and income inequality is not neutral vis-à-vis the role of the financial system in responding to the needs of different categories of agents. Indeed, as shown by the literature of the persistent inequality (e.g. Banarjee and Newman, 1993; Piketty,...

It is important to remove the discrepancies in data in the various segments of the manufacturing sector, namely, factory, non-factory, small, medium and large-scale sectors, to have a proper estimates of the state of manufacturing. These have an important bearing on estimated of the peprformance...

International capital markets tend to be characterized by volatility, which is always a function of world economic and political environment and is frequently associated with contagion risk and increased cross-market linkages. This phenomenon affects both developed markets and emerging markets,...

This article defines and characterizes the cooperative ‘sector’ in the Paraná economy and disaggregates the sector Agriculture and components of Food Industry of the input-output table, made for the state for the years 1980 and 1985, in Cooperative and non-cooperative. The aim of this...

The paper aims to present the Islamic appraisal of established theories in academic literature of development economics, both in classical and neo-classical economics. The paper also explains the Islamic concept of human development and shows it to be more welfare maximizing to humans in their...

In this paper, we reconsider the Foley model of Liquidity / Profit-Rate Cycles where such cycles are generated as bifurcations from initially attracting steady states if a parameter of the model crosses a critical value, for example the growth rate of money supply as in the Foley paper. We...

An understanding of how volatilities of and correlations between crude oil and macroeconomic variables change over time including their directions and size is of crucial importance for both the domestic and international investors with a view to diversifying their portfolios for hedging against...

The paper investigates formation of a charity bank based on the notion of Wagf (physical and financial assets endowment). The basic idea here is to manage and invest these endowments, and use its net earnings for zero interest loans and for food and shelter donation to the destitutes in the...

Using micro data on non-financial listed companies in Pakistan, over the period of 2000-2010, this paper emphasizes over the impact of monetary policy on economic growth through balance sheet channel. At first step, monetary tightening deteriorates the net worth of the firms and leads to cash...