The present study explores the relationship between economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation in case of United Arab Emirates. The study covers the quarter frequency data over the period of 1975-2011. We have applied the ARDL bounds testing approach to...

The rules of the Eurozone cause the euro to function as the gold standard. The US economy performs better in some respects, partly because of the advantages of fiat money. The treaty on the EMU has to be adapted in order not to become dependent upon current ad hoc measures, with the loss of...

This book describes how the Leader approach has changed in the Italian rural development policies. The first chapter delas with the overall evolution of the Leader programme between Leader II and Leader+. The second chapter focuses on the main results of the Leader approach over the years and...

The negative effects of the global economic crisis affect African economies less than other regions. However, the ongoing debt crisis in the EU holed serious risks for the economic development of the continent. The paper focuses on the financial risks for the economies in Africa that are related...

Engineering studies demonstrate that traffic in dense downtown areas obeys a stable functional relationship between average speed and density, including a region of 'hypercongestion' where flow decreases with density. This situation can be described as queuing behind a bottleneck whose capacity...

The critical review undertaken in this paper pinpoints some of the major deficiencies and the strength of the earlier macroeconometric models (MEMs) constructed for Iran as a major oil exporting country. In constructing a new MEM, the flaws of past MEMs should be rectified and their strengths...

Most of the developing countries are becoming more aid dependent with the passage of time. This bleak reality provokes debate on aid effectiveness. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of aid on the health sector of Pakistan over the period 1973-2008. The study focuses on the health sector in...

This paper examines the causal relationship between combustible renewables and waste consumption, exports and economic growth for a panel of eleven Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries for the period 1975-2008. We use the Granger causality and the vector error correction model (VECM) to...

This paper examines the effects of asset bubbles in an overlapping generations model with endogenous labor supply. We derive a set of conditions under which asset bubbles will lead to an expansion in steady-state capital, investment, employment and output. We also provide a specific numerical...

Though the main benchmark used to assess pension reforms continues to be the expected resulting fall in future government spending, the impact of policy changes on pension adequacy is increasingly coming to the fore. As yet, there does not seem to be a broad consensus in policymaking circles and...