Traditionally, the scholarly journal market operates so that research institutions are charged high prices and the wider public is often excluded altogether, while authors can usually publish for free and commercial publishers enjoy high profits. Two forms of open access regulation can mitigate...

– The purpose of this article is to describe the evolution of the tourism industry in Italy during the recent years of the so-called ‘Great recession’ (2008-12). We highlight the most prominent features of the changes occurred in both the supply and the demand side, over these years. We...

Among various budgeting theories and practices at the federal level, performance budgeting has played an important role with its long developmental history. Performance budgeting was short-lived as it was replaced by program budgeting in the early 1960s. Looking at the period between the first...

The picture of electrification across the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) economies is complex. APEC members are in various states of smart grid development, ranging from no activity, conducting demonstrations, and engaging in joint projects with other economies. Each member economy has...

This paper explores the relationship between exports, financial development and economic growth in case of Pakistan. In doing so, the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration and error correction model are applied to test the long run and short run...

The broad objectives of the present study are to examine the impact of the global financial crisis as it folded during 2008 and 2009 on four major South Asian economies i.e., Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka; identify policy actions taken to mitigate the adverse impacts of the crisis;...

The paper investigates the time-varying correlation between the EU12-wide business cycle and the initial EU12 member-countries based on scalar-BEKK and multivariate Riskmetrics model frameworks for the period 1980-2009. The paper provides evidence that changes in the business cycle...

This paper evaluates the forward premium puzzle using the Euro exchange rate. Unlike previous studies, our analysis utilizes time-varying parameter methods and is based on two approaches for evaluation of the puzzle; the traditional approach analyzing the sensitivity of interest rate...

This paper depicts the agricultural policy reforms and structural changes in Bangladesh from independence to the present times. Bangladesh agriculture has experienced major structural changes and achieved major successes over the last three and a half decades. Reforms began in the late 1970s and...

Job satisfaction has long been an important and interesting area in organizational research. More recently, considerable attention has been focused on the concept of job satisfaction and factors that affect it. A major reason for the tremendous interest in this work attitude is that it has been...