This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that reforms initiated earlier this decade in Nigeria have averted the boom–bust pattern that characterized previous oil price cycles and better prepared the economy to deal with the global financial crisis. Non-oil growth averaged 9 percent from...

This paper presents the staff report for Peru’s 2008 Article IV Consultation, Fourth Review and Inflation Consultation under the Stand-By Arrangement and request for waiver of applicability of performance criteria. Peru has been liberalizing external trade through tariff reductions in past...

The staff report for Niger’s 2008 Article IV Consultation, first review under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, and request for Waivers and Modification of Performance Criteria is discussed. The authorities initially suspended taxes on critical...

São Tomé and Príncipe is a small, island country with some 138,000 inhabitants; its resources are limited, and its GDP per capita is estimated at about US$295 (1998). The economy is heavily dependent on cocoa, which accounts for 96 percent of export goods. The country has liberalized the...

This paper provides an overview of recent economic developments in Georgia. The country has made significant, but incomplete, progress toward establishing the rule of law. The rapid accumulation of wage and social transfers arrears is one of the factors of the worsening poverty. The banking...

Tunisia showed strong performance owing to its prudent macroeconomic stance, aimed at continued fiscal consolidation and disinflation, backed by a solid record of investment in social and physical infrastructure. The paper describes the government finances, structure of the nonfinancial public...

The first part of the study investigates Australia’s recent growth and productivity performance and then analyzes the impact of structural reforms on productivity growth. The short- and long-term effects of structural reforms on productivity growth are estimated using pooled and fixed effect...

The 2007 Article IV Consultation highlights Togo’s developments and performance under the Staff-Monitored Program (SMP). Togolese banks have the highest nonperforming loan (NPL) ratio in the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) area, reflecting primarily past lending to loss-making...

Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund includes decisions, interpretations, and resolutions of the Executive Board and Board of Governors of the IMF, as well as selected documents to which frequent reference is made in the current activities of the Fund. In...

This paper discusses that during 2000-2002, the Tribunal considered a number of issues of substantive law upon which it had not previously been called upon to rule. These included interpretation of a provision of the IMF's Staff Retirement Plan that permits the IMF, pursuant to specified...