We estimate how US monetary policies, namely the current fed funds rate, forward guidance, and large-scale asset purchases, affect inflation. The effect of large-scale asset purchases on inflation is found to be much smaller than the other policies and can have the opposite sign in the short...

This paper presents a simple post-Keynesian model, which highlights the importance of productive development in defining the dynamics of the Real Exchange Rate (RER) and foreign debt in a small open developing economy. In developing countries that are integrated in international financial...

The paper examines the consequences of fiscal consolidation in times of persistently low growth and high unemployment by estimating medium-term fiscal multipliers during protracted recessions (PR) in a sample of 17 OECD countries. Based on Jorda's (2005) local projection methodology, we find...

The ongoing demographic changes will bring about a substantial shift in the size and theage composition of the population, which will have significant impact on the global economy. Despite potentially grave consequences, demographic changes usually do not take center stage in many macroeconomic...