This paper analyzes the causes and consequences of the enforcement actions (sanctions) imposed by supervisory authorities for banks. Focusing on a sample of Italian banks between 2005 and 2012, we found 302 sanctions regarding 3,588 persons (i.e. Board of directors, Top Managers, and Chief...

This article empirically verifies the existence of a connection between the relationship-oriented model and the quality of the loan portfolio, by using alternative risk measures to previous studies. Consistently with earlier literature, bank size, distance and intensity of labour are used as...

Enforcement actions (or sanctions) pursue two complementary goals, namely to penalize guilty companies and to provide an example to other companies that bad behaviour will be penalized. Although the recent financial crisis showed that this topic is critical in banking, only a few papers (e.g....

This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of the board monitoring role on specific loan portfolio quality measures in banks (default rate, recovery rate and provisioning rate). We use a sample comprises a totality of Italian-based banks, listed at Borsa Italiana SpA in 2006-2008, and a number...

This paper analyses the effects of the geographical and product diversification strategy on the performance of Italian banks in markets characterized by considerable instability. The econometric analysis, developed in the cross-section and time series dimension, considers a panel data set...