Iran has experienced an increasing rate of economic growth during recent years. We need to explain the causes of this growth if we are to help maintain it. In this study, we try to calibrate and apply a model in the context of new growth models, based on Ideas derived from the Iranian economy....

Having studied the ancient empires, achieving political and economic powers, have been hovered one of the most critical issues all the time for the nations. The strategies to secure those might be different, but the intension still stays the same: controlling the labor and capital markets....

This paper studies and theorizes the impact that law enforcement in cities has on criminal activities. Exploring primarily covariates, the results from two IV approaches show that increasing police officers in regions does not reduce the corresponding crimes. There are two sets of data used in...

Investigation of the contradictory aspects of modern diplomacy is essential to a valid understanding of the working of the political system. Among these aspects, uncertainty infuses the norms of response to the conflicts. Iran's nuclear program is an example, which has intensified a lot of...

In explaining economic phenomena, economic analysis concentrates on selected influences and fixes the host of other factors under a ceteris paribus clause. This view, which goes back to Alfred Marshall (1842-1924), is developed in the first part of the book. Aggregation is viewed as a particular...

Life annuities provide a guaranteed income for the remainder of the recipient’s lifetime, and therefore, annuitization presents an important option when choosing an adequate investment strategy for the retirement ages. While there are numerous research articles studying annuities from a...

Even 50 years after Modigliani/Miller’s irrelevance theorem, the basic question of how firms choose their capital structure remains unclear. This survey paper aims at summarizing and discussing corresponding recent developments in empirical capital structure research, which, in our view, are...

There has been a wide-spread misconception based on the imprecise wording of Art. 52 of the European Patent Convention (EPC) that the protection of business methods by patents is prohibited in Europe. This paper investigates the legal framework set by patent laws with respect to the...