Extant analyses discussing trade’s environmental impacts simply use traditional dichotomy to distinguish trade into exporting and importing, failing to take into consideration the heterogeneity of trading partners. However, exiting theories cannot effectively predict the impacts of trading...

Existing research that analyzes relationship between trade and environment usually applies traditional dichotomy to divide trade into export and import, paying less attention on the heterogeneity of trading partners. However, especially under the context of the current drastically changing trade...