This paper takes stock of external audit arrangements at central banks. Its focus is on the annual audit of central bank financial statements, as well as legal and institutional measures that support audit quality and independence. The paper outlines good practices in these areas and provides a...

This paper takes stock of external audit arrangements at central banks. Its focus is on the annual audit of central bank financial statements, as well as legal and institutional measures that support audit quality and independence. The paper outlines good practices in these areas and provides a...

The EC Treaty obliges Community and (both functionally and geographically decentralized) national authorities to consult the ECB before adopting any legislation in its fields of competence. Failure to consult the ECB can render any disputed rules void. This paper explores the relevant primary...

This contribution is an introduction to the provisions of the TEC concerning the monetary policy of the European Community. This introduction starts with an overview of the European Community's setup and its pillar structure. Subsequently the institutional framework of the European System of...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 105 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns the objectives and tasks of the European System of Central Banks and the European Central Bank. The commentary discusses the ESCB's monetary and economic objectives, and its main tasks. It...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 106 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns the Member States's, European Central Bank's, and European Council's powers concerning euro banknotes and euro coins. The commentary assesses the ECB's exclusive right to authorise the issue...

This contribution is a commentary on Article 107 European Community Treaty (TEC). This provision concerns certain institutional aspects of the European System of Central Bank (ESCB) and the EU Council's powers to set out the limits and conditions regarding a variety of activities of the European...