Warehouse club (WC) retailers have typically expanded to new markets using stand-alone stores, rather than pursuing dense store networks as other (non-WC) retailers have in the past. While this strategy generates operating efficiencies, it also imposes high travel costs on households to shop,...

This paper presents an empirical study of the impact of Wal-Mart supercenter conversion (i.e., expansion of traditional discount-format stores by adding new departments) on consumer shopping behaviors. By using a difference-in-difference estimator and a joint model of store visits and...

This paper examines pairwise assortment similarities at U.S. supermarkets to understand how assortment composition and size are related to underlying factors that describe local store clientele, local competitive structure, and the retail outlets’ characteristics. The top-selling items, which...