Employee stock options (ESOs) are highly exotic derivatives including various forms of call options and performance shares. Much effort in the academic literature has been devoted to modelling employee risk aversion and early exercise of ESOs and less attention has been paid to the effects of...

Life insurance profitability depends on reliable mortality risk projections and pricing. While the COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions around the world, this is a temporary mortality shock likely to dissipate. In this paper, we investigate the long-run impact of COVID-19 on life insurance...

As commonly known, to evaluate the claims reserve (otherwise known as the provision for outstanding claims), the loss adjuster uses as a first component the claims reserve given by the sum of the estimated provision for each outstanding claim (known as case reserve). Traditional...

In some European countries, a large subset of motor liability claims is managed under a direct reimbursement (DR) scheme. The first component that loss adjustors use to evaluate the claims reserve is given by the sum of the estimated provision for each outstanding claim (known as case reserves)....