municipalities, with payments targeted to either the mother or the father of the child. We show that the gender of the recipient has … an effect on the structure of expenditure shares. Targeting transfers to women increases the expenditure share on food by … about 4 to 5 percentage points. At low levels of food expenditure, we observe a shift towards a more nutritious diet as a …

, we show that the gender of the recipient has an effect on the structure of expenditure shares. Targeting transfers to … women increases the expenditure share on food by about 4 to 5%. To study the allocation of expenditures within the food … basket, we estimate a demand system for food and we find that targeting payments to mothers induces, for different food …

, we show that the gender of the recipient has an effect on the structure of expenditure shares. Targeting transfers to … women increases the expenditure share on food by about 4 to 5%. To study the allocation of expenditures within the food … basket, we estimate a demand system for food and we find that targeting payments to mothers induces, for different food …

municipalities, with payments targeted to either the mother or the father of the child. We show that the gender of the recipient has … an effect on the structure of expenditure shares. Targeting transfers to women increases the expenditure share on food by … about 4 to 5 percentage points. At low levels of food expenditure, we observe a shift towards a more nutritious diet as a …

, we show that the gender of the recipient has an effect on the structure of expenditure shares. Targeting transfers to … women increases the expenditure share on food by about 4 to 5%. To study the allocation of expenditures within the food … basket, we estimate a demand system for food and we find that targeting payments to mothers induces, for different food …

, we show that the gender of the recipient has an effect on the structure of expenditure shares. Targeting transfers to … women increases the expenditure share on food by about 4 to 5%. To study the allocation of expenditures within the food … basket, we estimate a demand system for food and we find that targeting payments to mothers induces, for different food …

This paper fills a gap in the literature of gender bias in household expenditure by analyzing how institutional norms … and culture show gender bias in various forms, there is no information about gender bias in household expenditure. Using …, the paper examines the presence of gender bias in Iran’s household expenditure. Findings show that women and girls suffer …