Tomikawa, Tadaaki; Goto, Mika - In: Economies : open access journal 13 (2025) 2, pp. 1-21
of business diversification and the production efficiency of Japan's major private railway companies from the perspective … of a future business model. To this aim, this study applies data envelopment analysis combined with the Malmquist index … companies by evaluating their production efficiency and its changes over time. The results of the analysis reveal that, while …