implications of the Modularity Design Rules for open innovation processes in new product development. … of "Design Rules" advanced by Baldwin and Clark. We then propose a broader conceptualization called "Modularity Design … undertaken to implement successful modular development projects. We elaborate the critical role that the proposed Modularity …

competence (MDC). We also suggest that such an effect tends to become weaker for high levels of product and process innovation … process innovation. We discuss the implications for the literature of buyer-supplier relationships in NPD, inter …-firm modularity and product-process-supply chain design as well as practice …