Underinvestment in agriculture -- a major cause of rural poverty -- may be due to difficulties to detect 'contingency', defined as the influence one may exert on the distribution of returns on investment. Recently experienced contingency may create a mismatch between perceived and actual...

Tackling environmental pollution requires a permanent change in regular, repeated behavior of households. Bringing about change in such behavior may require interventions that are not limited to a single point in time, yet little evidence exists on how frequently we need to target households to...