people at the lower end of income distribution will graduate into the middle class category. The increase in poverty rates …

Often development focus has been on measuring and analyzing poverty in order to reduce poverty. While the poor face … future prospects of being perpetually trapped in poverty, the nonpoor also are vulnerable to poverty. Vulnerability has been … contractions in per capita income on poverty and the entire income distribution amid the coronavirus pandemic. In estimating the …

The Philippines has set an ambitious goal of becoming a predominantly middle-class society free of poverty by 2040 … as poverty reduction or redistribution. This background paper for the 2024 Philippine Institute for Development Studies …-based definition that delineates the middle-class as households with per capita incomes between 2 to 12 times the official poverty line …

This paper evaluates the importance of middle class vulnerability to poverty for subjective well-being (happiness) in … the lower income bound of the middle class (75% of the national median income) and not the poverty line (60% of the median …

In a polarised and highly unequal country such as South Africa, it is unlikely that a definition of the middle class …