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about 80% of the studies, regardless of whether the potential endogeneity is expected to create a positive or negative bias … uninstrumented estimates even when, a priori, the nature of endogeneity should already imply an upward bias of the uninstrumented …
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The chapter critically reviews the methods available for the ex post counterfactual analysis of programs that are assigned exclusively to individuals, households or locations. The emphasis is on the problems encountered in applying these methods to anti-poverty programs in developing countries,...
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. Mendelian randomization studies are known to be affected by both weak instrument bias and the pleiotropic bias that arises when … Understanding Society, we find no evidence for pleiotropic bias, and the negative effect of body mass index on income to be around …
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-individual estimators in short panels, we develop bias corrections. These corrections are based on higher-order asymptotic expansions of the … estimators have asymptotic biases of the same order as their asymptotic standard deviations. The bias corrections remove the bias …
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