The economics of rare earth elements (REEs) has become a critical issue due to the growing demand for these crucial materials in the transition to renewable energies. The monopolistic structure of the REE market dominated by China and its unstable supply of REEs has raised concerns globally...

Governments attempt to provide the energy sector with incentives to replace old technologies with new ones based on renewable energy as the most effective way to combat climate change. Yet, in the energy sector prevail fossil fuel incumbents that inhibit renewable energy entrants. Our paper...