Managing employee turnover is a key function in human resource management (HRM) that has become especially relevant given current staff shortages. The travel and tourism industry has been strongly affected, with many organizations having difficulty attracting and retaining workers. Portugal, as...

This paper examines the impact of transactional and transformational leadership on job satisfaction and employee performance during crises, focusing on the nongovernmental organization (NGO) sector. The paper adopts a quantitative research methodology using an online structured questionnaire....