We examine the accessibility and functioning of the patent system in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state … that existed between 1815 and 1830. The country's patent law combined an examination process with significant government … discretion over a patent's duration and cost. Using our hand-collected database of all patent applications-granted, withdrawn …

We examine the accessibility and functioning of the patent system in the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, a state … that existed between 1815 and 1830. The country's patent law combined an examination process with significant government … discretion over a patent's duration and cost. Using our hand-collected database of all patent applications-granted, withdrawn …

Ascertaining whether patents encourage invention necessitates understanding the incentives inventors respond to. The … Industrial Revolution is hotly debated. This paper's contribution is to examine the incentives to patent, and the characteristics … of patentees, by observing the entire population of British patents granted up to the patent reforms of 1852. I find …

motivations to invent, and the actual use and economic value of the patents. …

Biographical information on a sample of renowned U.S. inventors is combined with information on the patents they … received over their careers, and employed to highlight the implications of patent institutions for markets in inventions and … for democratization. The United States deliberately created a patent system that differed from existing European systems …

warfare was an important factor in explaining Britain's industrialisation, by encouraging the invention and diffusion of key …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

We study the causal impact of invalidating marginally valid patents during post-grant opposition at the European Patent … participation of a patent's original examiner in the opposition division as an instrument. We find a disciplinary effect of … invalidation: Affected inventors file 20% fewer patent applications in the decade after the decision. This effect is entirely …

Biographical information on a sample of renowned U.S. inventors is combined with information on the patents they … received over their careers, and employed to highlight the implications of patent institutions for markets in inventions and … for democratization. The United States deliberately created a patent system that differed from existing European systems …